M. Fouladiyan*

Abstract

In this research, we attempted to determine the conceptual and theoretical gaps in Weber's theory of charismatic leadership and construct an ideal type of charismatic leadership using Weber's ideal type. This new ideal type must be sociological and have the empirical-historical test capability. Accordingly, first we examined the theoretical ambiguities in Weber's theory of charisma. Secondly, based on Weber's views and those of his main commentators, we constructed two main approaches to charisma. Focusing on individual characteristics, the first approach tries to explain the causes of charisma. The second approach focuses more on the followers' perceptions and responses to charisma, as well as on the objective and subjective conditions of charisma formation. It has been argued that a follower-oriented approach is a sociological approach that can be examined experimentally. In this approach, the validity of charisma stems from the approval and acceptance of followers. In addition, the followers look for a charismatic savior in certain psychological conditions. Thus, changes, social crises, and structural changes in society are considered to be the main causes of the emergence of charismatic leaders.

Key concepts: charismatic authority, charismatic leadership, crisis, leader – oriented approach, follower-oriented approach, ideal type.

*.Assistant Professor, Social Sciences Department, Literature and Humanities Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran- This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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